Antonov An-225

An-225 Mriya
The Antonov-225 at Hostomel Airport (Antonov airport), Ukraine
Role	Strategic airlifter
National origin	Soviet Union / Ukraine
Manufacturer	Antonov
First flight	21 December 1988
Status	Operational
Primary user	Antonov Airlines
Produced	1988
Number built	1
Developed from	Antonov An-124

The Antonov An-225 Mriya (Ukrainian: Антонов Ан-225 Мрія, NATO reporting name: 'Cossack') is a strategic airlift cargo aircraft, designed by the Soviet Antonov Design Bureau. It is the world's heaviest fixed-wing aircraft. The design, built to transport the Buran orbiter, was an enlargement of the successful An-124 Ruslan. The An-225's name, Mriya (Мрiя) means "Dream" (Inspiration) in Ukrainian.

The An-225 is commercially available for flying over-sized payloads due to the unique size of its cargo deck. Currently there is only one aircraft in operation.^[1]

Development

Space shuttle Buran being carried by the An-225

The Antonov An-225 was designed for the Soviet space program as a replacement for the Myasishchev VM-T. Able to airlift the Energia rocket's boosters and the Buran space shuttle, its mission and objectives are almost identical to that of the United States' Shuttle Carrier Aircraft.^[2]

The An-225 first flew on 21 December 1988. The aircraft was on static display at the Paris Air Show in 1989 and it flew during the public days at the Farnborough air show in 1990. Two aircraft were ordered, but only one An-225 (tail number UR-82060^[3]) was finished. It can carry ultra-heavy and oversize freight, up to 250,000 kg (550,000 lb) internally,^[2] or 200,000 kg (440,000 lb) on the upper fuselage. Cargo on the upper fuselage can be 70 metres (230 ft) long.^[4]

A second An-225 was partially built during the late 1980s for the Soviet space program. The second An-225 included a rear cargo door and a redesigned tail with a single vertical stabilizer. It was planned to be more effective for cargo transportation.^[5] Following the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 and the cancellation of the Buran space program, the lone operational An-225 was placed in storage in 1994.^[6] The six Ivchenko Progress engines were removed for use on An-124s, and the second uncompleted An-225 airframe was also stored. The first An-225 was later re-engined and put into service.

By 2000, the need for additional An-225 capacity had become apparent, so the decision was made in September 2006 to complete the second An-225. The second airframe was scheduled for completion around 2008,^[7] then delayed. By August 2009, the aircraft had not been completed and work had been abandoned.^[1][8]

Design

An-225 main landing gear

An-225 Ivchenko Progress D-18T turbofan engines

Based on Antonov's earlier An-124, the An-225 has fuselage barrel extensions added fore and aft of the wings, which received root extensions to increase span. Two more Ivchenko Progress D-18T turbofan engines were added to the new wing roots, bringing the total to six, and an increased-capacity landing gear system with 32 wheels was designed. The An-124’s rear cargo door and ramp were removed to save weight, and the empennage was changed from a single vertical stabilizer to a twin tail with an oversized horizontal stabilizer. The twin tail was essential to enable the plane to carry large, heavy external loads that would disturb the aerodynamics of a conventional tail. Unlike the An-124, the An-225 was not intended for tactical airlifting and is not designed for short-field operation.^[2]

Initially the 225 had a maximum gross weight of 600 tonnes (1,320,000 lb) but the aircraft was modified in 2000-01, at a cost of US$20M, with a reinforced floor that increased the maximum gross weight to 640 tonnes (1,410,000 lb),^[9][10][11]

Both the earlier and later takeoff weights establish the An-225 as the world's heaviest aircraft, being heavier than the double-decker Airbus A380 even though Airbus plans to pass the An-225's maximum landing weight with 591.7 tonnes (1,304,000 lb) for the A380.^[12] The Hughes H-4 Hercules, known as the "Spruce Goose", had a greater wingspan and a greater overall height, but was 20% shorter, and due to the materials used in its construction, also lighter. In addition, the Hercules only flew once and never climbed above 21.3 m (70 ft), making the An-225 the largest aircraft in the world to take off multiple times.^[13] The An-225 is not only larger than the Airbus A380 airliner, it is also considerably bigger than the Antonov An-124, Boeing 747 Large Cargo Freighter, and Lockheed C-5 Galaxy, the nearest equivalent heavy cargo aircraft.

Operational history

At Manchester Airport in 2006

In the late 1980s, efforts were begun by the Soviet government to generate revenue from its military assets. In 1989, a holding company was set up by the Antonov Design Bureau as a heavy airlift shipping corporation under the name "Antonov Airlines", based in Kiev, Ukraine and operating from London Luton Airport in partnership with Air Foyle HeavyLift.^[4][14]

As the Soviet space program was in its last years, the An-225 was considered and accepted to be the prime way to transport the Buran Shuttle.

The company initiated operations with a fleet of four An-124-100s and three Antonov An-12s, but by the late 1990s a need for aircraft larger than the An-124 became apparent. In response, the original An-225 was re-engined, modified for heavy cargo transport, and placed back in service under the management of Antonov Airlines.

A close-up view of three engine exhaust nozzles on the An-225.

On 23 May 2001, the An-225 received its type certificate from the Interstate Aviation Committee Aviation Register (IAC AR).^[15] In September 2001, carrying a record load of 253.82 tonnes (279.79 short tons) of cargo, the An-225 flew at an altitude of 2 km (6,600 ft) over a closed circuit of 1,000 km (620 mi) at a speed of 763.2 km/h (474.2 mph).^[16]

The type's first flight in commercial service departed from Stuttgart, Germany on 3 January 2002, and flew to Thumrait, Oman with 216,000 prepared meals for American military personnel based in the region. This vast number of ready meals was transported on some 375 pallets and weighed 187.5 tons.^[17]

Since then, the An-225 has become the major workhorse of the Antonov Airlines fleet, transporting objects once thought impossible to move by air, such as locomotives and 150-ton generators, and has become a valuable asset to international relief organizations for its ability to quickly transport huge quantities of emergency supplies during disaster relief operations.^[18]

Beginning in June 2003, the An-225, along with An-124s, delivered over 800 tons of equipment to aid humanitarian efforts in Iraq.^[19]

The An-225 has also been contracted by the Canadian and U.S. governments to transport military supplies to the Middle East in support of Coalition forces.^[18] In November 2004, FAI placed the An-225 in the Guinness Book of Records for its 240 records.

On 11 August 2009, the heaviest single cargo item ever sent via air freight was loaded onto an Antonov 225. At 16.23 metres (53.2 ft) long and 4.27 metres (14.0 ft) wide, the consignment–a generator for a gas power plant in Armenia and its loading frame–weighed in at a record 189.09 tonnes (416,900 lb).^[20] Also during 2009, the An-225 was painted in a new blue and yellow paint scheme,^[21] after Antonov ceased cooperation with AirFoyle and partnered with Volga-Dnepr in 2006.^[22]

In February 2010, the An-225 transported 108 tonnes of construction machinery from Japan to Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic for quake-stricken Haiti.^[23]

On 11 June 2010, the An-225 carried the world's longest piece of air cargo, when it flew two new 42-meter wind turbine blades (test subjects) from Tianjin, China to Denmark.^[24]

An example of the cost of shipping cargo by An-225 was 266,000 Euro for flying a chimney duct from Denmark to Kazakhstan in 2008.^[25]

Operators

 Ukraine

• Antonov Airlines

Former operators

 Soviet Union

• Soviet space program

Specifications (An-225)

Data from Vectorsite,^[2] Antonov's Heavy Transports^[26]

General characteristics

• Crew: 6
• Payload: 250,000 kg (550,000 lb)
• Door dimensions: 440 x 640 cm (14.4 x 21 ft)
• Length: 84 m (275.6 ft)
• Wingspan: 88.4 m (290 ft 2 in)
• Height: 18.1 m (59.3 ft)
• Wing area: 905 m² (9,743.7 ft²)
• Cargo Volume: 1,300 m³ (46,000 cu ft))
• Empty weight: 285,000 kg (628,315 lb)
• Max takeoff weight: 640,000 kg^[9][10][11] (1,323,000 lb)
• Powerplant: 6× ZMKB Progress D-18 turbofans, 229.5 kN (51,600 lbf) each
• Takeoff run: 3,500 m (11,500 ft) with maximum payload

Performance

• Maximum speed: 850 km/h (460 knots, 530 mph)
• Cruise speed: 800 km/h (430 knots, 500 mph)
• Range:
  
  • With maximum fuel: 15,400 km (9,570 mi)
  • With maximum payload: 4,000 km (2,500 mi))
• Service ceiling: 11,000 m (36,100 ft)
• Wing loading: 662.9 kg/m² (135.5 lb/ft²)
• Thrust/weight: 0.234

Notable appearances in media

Gallery

The Antonow An-225 at Frankfurt-Hahn airport, 11 August 2009.	Portuguese and American workers tend to the Antonov An-225 Mriya, or "Dream," April 28 on the flightline at Lajes Field.	Antonov An-225 Mriya.	38th Paris International Air and Space Show at Le Bourget Airfield, 1989.
38th Paris International Air and Space Show at Le Bourget Airfield, 1989.	Ukrainian Coin airplane AN-225 "Mrija" 5 and 20 griven, 2002.	Stamp of Ukraine, 1996.	An-225, September 2008.
An-225 interior during night loading, 21 October 2009.	An-225 fly-by, September 2008	An-225 at Budapest, Ferihegy Airport.	405th Air Expeditionary Wing (AEW) during Operation ENDURING FREEDOM.
A picture of the aircraft taken in 2010	A picture of the aircraft taken in 2010

See also

A size comparison between four of the largest aircraft, the An-225 (green), the Hughes H-4 Hercules (gold), the Boeing 747-8 (blue), and the Airbus A380-800 (pink).

Related development

• Antonov An-124
  

Comparable aircraft

• Airbus A380-800F
• Boeing 747-8F
• Boeing 747 Shuttle Carrier Aircraft
• Lockheed C-5 Galaxy
• Myasishchev VM-T
• Sukhoi KR-860
  

Related lists

• List of military aircraft of the Soviet Union and the CIS
• List of large aircraft
  

References

External links

• Official An-225 web page
• An-225 - buran-energia.com
• An-225 - YouTube.com The worlds biggest planes: Antonov An-225 in comparison with Airbus A380-800, Airbus A340-600 and Boeing 747-400
• Second Antonov An-225 Mriya (line no. 01-02) under construction at Aviant-Kiev Aviation Plant. Kiev-Svyatoshino (UKKT), Ukraine, September 19, 2004
• Second Antonov An-225 Mriya (line no. 01-02) under construction at Aviant-Kiev Aviation Plant. Kiev-Svyatoshino (UKKT), Ukraine, August 20, 2008
• Payloads
• An-225 (An-225-100) "Мрiя", Antonov OKB (NATO Cossack)